/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.kafka.raft;

import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Utils;
import org.apache.kafka.raft.generated.QuorumStateData;
import org.apache.kafka.raft.generated.QuorumStateDataJsonConverter;
import org.apache.kafka.server.common.KRaftVersion;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ShortNode;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.OpenOption;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import java.util.Optional;

/**
 * Local file based quorum state store. It takes the JSON format of {@link QuorumStateData}
 * with an extra data version number field (data_version) as part of the data.
 *
 * Example version 0 format:
 * <pre>
 * {
 *   "clusterId": "",
 *   "leaderId": 1,
 *   "leaderEpoch": 2,
 *   "votedId": -1,
 *   "appliedOffset": 0,
 *   "currentVoters": [],
 *   "data_version": 0
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * Example version 1 format:
 * <pre>
 * {
 *   "leaderId": -1,
 *   "leaderEpoch": 2,
 *   "votedId": 1,
 *   "votedDirectoryId": "J8aAPcfLQt2bqs1JT_rMgQ",
 *   "data_version": 1
 * }
 * </pre>
 * */
public class FileQuorumStateStore implements QuorumStateStore {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FileQuorumStateStore.class);
    private static final String DATA_VERSION = "data_version";

    static final short LOWEST_SUPPORTED_VERSION = 0;
    static final short HIGHEST_SUPPORTED_VERSION = 1;

    public static final String DEFAULT_FILE_NAME = "quorum-state";

    private final File stateFile;

    public FileQuorumStateStore(final File stateFile) {
        this.stateFile = stateFile;
    }

    private QuorumStateData readStateFromFile(File file) {
        try (final BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(file.toPath(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
            final String line = reader.readLine();
            if (line == null) {
                throw new EOFException("File ended prematurely.");
            }

            final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
            JsonNode readNode = objectMapper.readTree(line);

            if (!(readNode instanceof ObjectNode)) {
                throw new IOException("Deserialized node " + readNode +
                    " is not an object node");
            }
            final ObjectNode dataObject = (ObjectNode) readNode;

            JsonNode dataVersionNode = dataObject.get(DATA_VERSION);
            if (dataVersionNode == null) {
                throw new IOException("Deserialized node " + readNode +
                    " does not have " + DATA_VERSION + " field");
            }

            final short dataVersion = dataVersionNode.shortValue();
            if (dataVersion < LOWEST_SUPPORTED_VERSION || dataVersion > HIGHEST_SUPPORTED_VERSION) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(
                    String.format(
                        "data_version (%d) is not within the min (%d) and max (%d) supported version",
                        dataVersion,
                        LOWEST_SUPPORTED_VERSION,
                        HIGHEST_SUPPORTED_VERSION
                    )
                );
            }

            return QuorumStateDataJsonConverter.read(dataObject, dataVersion);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new UncheckedIOException(
                String.format("Error while reading the Quorum status from the file %s", file), e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reads the election state from local file.
     */
    @Override
    public Optional<ElectionState> readElectionState() {
        if (!stateFile.exists()) {
            return Optional.empty();
        }

        return Optional.of(ElectionState.fromQuorumStateData(readStateFromFile(stateFile)));
    }

    @Override
    public void writeElectionState(ElectionState latest, KRaftVersion kraftVersion) {
        short quorumStateVersion = kraftVersion.quorumStateVersion();

        writeElectionStateToFile(
            stateFile,
            latest.toQuorumStateData(quorumStateVersion),
            quorumStateVersion
        );
    }

    @Override
    public Path path() {
        return stateFile.toPath();
    }

    /**
     * This override is necessary for Windows compatibility when starting the embedded Kafka broker.
     * The original Kafka implementation uses fileOutputStream.getFD().sync() which fails on Windows.
     *
     * The fix uses Files.newBufferedWriter() with explicit OpenOptions instead of FileOutputStream,
     * avoiding the problematic sync() call. This workaround is based on:
     * https://github.com/apache/kafka/commit/f7cc920771735576d9cfba2afe6f26fdcfb2ccd4
     *
     * Note: This patch will not be included in Kafka upstream as Windows is not a supported
     * platform for Kafka servers. However, we need it to run embedded Kafka in tests on Windows.
     */
    private void writeElectionStateToFile(final File stateFile, QuorumStateData state, short version) {
        if (version > HIGHEST_SUPPORTED_VERSION) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                String.format(
                    "Quorum state data version (%d) is greater than the supported version (%d)",
                    version,
                    HIGHEST_SUPPORTED_VERSION
                )
            );
        }
        final File temp = new File(stateFile.getAbsolutePath() + ".tmp");
        deleteFileIfExists(temp);

        log.trace("Writing tmp quorum state {}", temp.getAbsolutePath());

        // Detect if running on Windows
        boolean isWindows = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("win");

        try {
            if (isWindows) {
                // Windows-compatible implementation
                final OpenOption[] options = { StandardOpenOption.WRITE,
                        StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW, StandardOpenOption.SPARSE };

                try (BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(temp.toPath(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8, options)) {
                    ObjectNode jsonState = (ObjectNode) QuorumStateDataJsonConverter.write(state, version);
                    jsonState.set(DATA_VERSION, new ShortNode(version));
                    writer.write(jsonState.toString());
                    writer.flush();
                    writer.close();
                }
            } else {
                // Original Kafka implementation for non-Windows platforms
                try (final FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(temp);
                     final BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(
                         new OutputStreamWriter(fileOutputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
                     )
                ) {
                    ObjectNode jsonState = (ObjectNode) QuorumStateDataJsonConverter.write(state, version);
                    jsonState.set(DATA_VERSION, new ShortNode(version));
                    writer.write(jsonState.toString());
                    writer.flush();
                    fileOutputStream.getFD().sync();
                }
            }
            Utils.atomicMoveWithFallback(temp.toPath(), stateFile.toPath());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new UncheckedIOException(
                String.format(
                    "Error while writing the Quorum status from the file %s",
                    stateFile.getAbsolutePath()
                ),
                e
            );
        } finally {
            // cleanup the temp file when the write finishes (either success or fail).
            deleteFileIfExists(temp);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Clear state store by deleting the local quorum state file
     */
    @Override
    public void clear() {
        deleteFileIfExists(stateFile);
        deleteFileIfExists(new File(stateFile.getAbsolutePath() + ".tmp"));
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Quorum state filepath: " + stateFile.getAbsolutePath();
    }

    private void deleteFileIfExists(File file) {
        try {
            Files.deleteIfExists(file.toPath());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new UncheckedIOException(
                String.format("Error while deleting file %s", file.getAbsoluteFile()), e);
        }
    }
}
